List of Contributors -Introduction -Embryonic Development of Collateral Arteries -Structural Remodeling during Growth of Collateral Vessels -Magnetic Resonance Imaging -Physical Forces and their Translation into Molecular Mechanisms -Role of Hypoxia/Ischemia/VEGF-A, and Strain Difference -Monocytes and Cytokines -Bone Marrow-Derived Cells -Cell-Cell and Cell-Matrix Interactions -Fibroblast Growth Factors -Signal Transduction Pathways in Smooth Muscle Cells -Expression Profiling of Growing Collat